home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
/
Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
/
pc
/
illusion
/
hub_fie.cxt
/
00184_Field_frep10.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1996-12-30
|
3KB
|
94 lines
Among vertebrates, color
sense occurs sporadically,
probably having been
downgraded or even lost and
then reinvented many times in
the course of evolution.
Mammals with poor color vision
or none at all include mice,
rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and a
species of monkey, the
nocturnal owl monkey. Ground
squirrels and primates,
including humans, apes, and
most old world monkeys, all
have well-developed color
vision. Nocturnal animals
whose vision is specialized for
dim light seldom have good
color vision, which suggests
that color discrimination and
capabilities for handling dim
light are somehow not
compatible. Among lower
vertebrates, color vision is well
developed in many species of
fish and birds but is probably
absent or poorly developed in
reptiles and amphibia. Many
insects, including flies and
bees, have color vision. We do
not know the exact color-
handling capabilities of the
overwhelming majority of
animal species, perhaps
because behavioral or
physiological tests for color
vision are not easy to do.
The subject of color vision,
out of all proportion to its
biologic importance to man, has
occupied an amazing array of
brilliant minds, including
Newton, Goethe (whose strength
seems not to have been
science), and Helmholtz.
Nevertheless color is still often
poorly understood even by
artists, physicists, and
biologists. The problem starts in
childhood, when we are given
our first box of paints and then
told that yellow, blue, and red
are the primary colors and that
yellow plus blue equals green.
Most of us are then surprised
when, in apparent
contradiction of that
experience, we shine a yellow
spot and a blue spot on a screen
with a pair of slide projectors,
overlap them, and see in the
overlapping region a beautiful
snow white. The result of
mixing paints is mainly a
matter of physics; mixing light
beams is mainly biology.
In thinking about color, it is
useful to keep separate in our
minds these different
components: physics and
biology. The physics that we
need to know is limited to a few
facts about light waves. The
biology consists of
psychophysics, a discipline
concerned with examining our
capabilities as instruments for
detecting information from the
outside world, and physiology,
which examines the detecting
instrument, our visual system,
by looking inside it to learn
how it works. We know a lot
about the physics and
psychophysics of color, but the
physiology is still in a
relatively primitive state,
largely because the necessary
tools have been available for
only a few decades.